书评 《习近平谈中国治国理政》

本书的内容是习近平的讲话和声明的汇编，涵盖了从2012年开始的一段时期至今的重要内容。2012年是中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会确认习近平为总书记。第一次是2012年11月至2014年6月。第二卷涵盖2014年8月至2017年9月;从2017年10月至2020年1月为第三卷。

演讲按主题组织编撰，每卷平均有18个主题特定的部分。每个部分按时间顺序排列。总共包含263条演讲和陈述，并具有同步性，这使读者可以关注每个特定主题的发展。这不是一种固定的格式，某些主题的标题会发生变化，但是它使读者可以对主题的思想，政策和实施的发展产生特定的兴趣和欣赏。

这不仅可以使人们看到方向一致的愿景，而且可以使人们意识到政策是动态和灵活的，可以应对所遇到的困难，而且随着时间的推移，重要的是要应对新的挑战。为读者提供了所采取的途径，以及沿该途径取得的成功成就。

在准备这篇评论时，我不能声称已经阅读了汇编中的所有文件。相反，我选择了我最感兴趣的三个领域，并通过这三本书来关注这些领域的特定贡献。选择的领域包括脱贫，中国梦，国际关系和环境政策。对于那些了解与中国相关的每一个问题的现状和结果的人，通过这些阅读材料将提供更深的理解。

对于中国文化和哲学的学生来说，古代智慧被带入了现代语境中。演讲经常引用这一古老的智慧并将其与当前的问题联系起来。偶尔会介绍历史事件，通过调用过去的记录和经验来帮助并以负责任的方式应对当今变革和发展的挑战，以说明治理文化的连续性。

同样，对共产党早期领导人及其工作的尊重也有所提及。它提供了陈述的引文，这些陈述提供了当前发展途径的最新基础。

然而，本书丰富之处在于提供了更多的细节。演讲和陈述内容包括对所面临问题的定义，指定需要采取的方法，并宣布所寻求的结果。正是在汇编的这一方面，读者能够培养对领导质量的尊重，并欣赏为实施政策、接受所遇到的挑战和在现实的时间框架内制定计划的结果所提供的务实精神。

演讲中使用的语言既积极又鼓舞人心。在国际关系中，倡导多样性中的和谐，相互尊重和学习让我们认识到没有一个答案是万能的。坚定倡导合作和多边主义，共创人类命运共同体，得到国际机构的肯定和支持。习近平主席经常听到的声明具有实质内容和背景，支持中国向世界提供的深度理解和同情。在这里，习不是批评和消极，而是向所有人提出挑战，要他们以积极的方式做出积极贡献——“公平是国际社会的责任”。

在中国国内，中国的发展呼唤创新科技引领的未来愿景，积极鼓励青年努力奋斗，为国家和人民的整体福祉做出贡献。人与自然环境观念的发展演变为生态保护观念，即环境安全与社会效益和经济效益相平衡。

总体而言，政府在推动所有问题方面发挥着核心作用。提供的方向是所有人支持中国为实现中国梦而努力。

这三卷读起来都没有那么轻松，要从头读到尾更是不易。它们是所有中国学生、其他国家领导人、记者的资源，尤其是那些希望了解中国并欣赏中国为国内和全球文明提供的东西的人。它也是中国文化、哲学和历史的资源，大量的脚注为演讲之外的学术追求提供了参考。

对于那些以愤世嫉俗和封闭的心态打开页面的人来说，内容将具有挑战性。保守的西方读者可能对共产主义价值观的坚定言辞以及有时用于对所讨论的主题提出要求的说教语气感到不习惯：“官员必须保持共产党人的高尚品格和政治操守，并通过他们的具体行动激励公众追求美德，尊重和遵守法律”。 （摘自《法治与美德》一章，第二卷，第 147 页）

然而，思想的积极性、清晰性和一致性令人着迷和刺激。虽然乍一看，拥有这部作品的精简版本可能很有吸引力，但实际上该系列可以分部分阅读，每个演讲都是其主题的缩短版本，以建立对广泛图片的参考。

我一般是开始研读的时候，让书卷在页面上随机打开，然后从我的眼睛落下的地方阅读。没有一次我不尊重所呈现的智慧。习近平与共产党一道，为世界提供了智慧、务实和必要的指导，而不必局限于中国的治理体系。这三卷中的奖学金对治理可以提供的机会做出了宝贵贡献。

Book Review

The Governance of China, Xi Jinping 

volumes one to three 

published by Foreign Languages Press, Beijing.

By Dave Bromwich 

– President of New Zealand China Friendship Society

These volumes are a compilation of speeches and statements from Xi Jinping covering a period from 2012, when the 18^th National Congress of the Communist Party of China confirmed Xi Jinping as general secretary, through to 2020. The first from November 2012 to June 2014; Volume II covers the period August 2014 to September 2017; and Volume III from October 2017 to January 2020.

The speeches are organised by theme, with contributions in an average of 18 topic-specific sections, in each volume. Contributions within each section is arranged in chronological order. In all, a total of 263 speeches and statements have been included, with a synchronicity which allows the reader to follow the development of each specific topic. This is not a rigid formatting, with some topic headings changing, but it allows the reader to pursue a specific interest and appreciation of the development of thought, policy and implementation along the theme.

This allows not only a vision of consistency of direction, but also an awareness that policy is  dynamic and flexible to respond to difficulties encountered and, as importantly, new challenges over time. The reader is provided with pathways taken, and successful achievements made along the pathway.

In preparing this review, I cannot claim to have read all the documents in the compilation. Rather I have chosen three of the areas in which I have a keen interest, and followed the contributions specific to those areas through the three volumes. Areas selected are poverty reduction and the China Dream for its people, international relations, and environmental policy. For those with awareness of the current status and outcomes of each of these issues pertaining to China, there will be  a greater depth of understanding provided through these readings. 

For the student of Chinese culture and philosophy, ancient wisdom is brought into a present context. The speeches often quote this ancient wisdom and relate it to current issues. Events from history are occasionally introduced to illustrate a continuum in the culture of governance by calling on records and experiences from the past to assist in meeting today’s challenges of change and development in a responsible way. 

Similarly, there is respectful reference to earlier leaders of the Communist Party and their work. It provides quotations from statements that present a recent foundation to current pathways of development.

Yet the richness lies in the broad detail. Speeches and statements include definition of issues being faced, specify approaches that are required to be taken, and pronounce the outcomes sought. It is in this aspect of the compilations that the reader is able to develop respect for the quality of leadership, and appreciate the pragmatism offered to implement policy, receptive to challenges encountered and setting outcomes planned within a realistic timeframe. 

The language used in the speeches is both positive and inspiring. In international relations, harmony in diversity is championed, and mutual respect and learning recognises that not one answer fits all. A firm advocacy for cooperation and multi-lateralism to create a shared future for all mankind is supported by affirmation of and support for international institutions. The often heard statements from Xi Jinping are given substance and context that support the depth of understanding and compassion that China offers the world. Rather than criticism and negativity, Xi places a challenge to all to proactively contribute in a positive way –“fairness is a responsibility of the international community”.

At home, the development of China calls for vision for a future guided by innovation and technology, and positively encourages youth to work hard and contribute to the overall good of China and her people. The development of environmental concepts of Man and Nature evolves into the concept of Eco-conservation, where environmental security is in balance with social and economic benefits.

Overall, the government takes a central role in the promotion of all issues. The direction provided is for all to support in the endeavours of China to strive to reach the China Dream. 

These three volumes are not light reading, to be read from cover to cover. They are a resource for all students of China, for leaders of other countries, for journalists, and most of all for those wishing to develop understanding of China, and appreciate what China has to offer civilisation, both domestic and global. It is also a resource of Chinese culture, philosophy and history, with extensive footnotes providing reference to scholastic pursuit beyond the speeches. 

The contents will be challenging to those who open the pages with cynicism and a closed mind.  The conservative western reader may be uncomfortable with the firm rhetoric of communist values, and the sometimes didactic tone used to pronounce demands on the subjects being addressed:  “Officials must maintain the noble character and political integrity of Communists, and through their concrete actions, motivate the public to pursue virtue, and respect and observe the law”. (From the Rule of Law and the Rule of Virtue, Volume II, p. 147) 

Yet the positivity, clarity and consistency of thought is captivating and stimulating. While it could, on first glance, be attractive to have a condensed version of this work, in fact the collection can be read in parts, with each speech being a shortened version in its own theme to establish reference to a broad picture.

I started my study by letting the volumes fall open on pages at random, and read where my eyes fell. Not once was there a place where I did not feel respect for the wisdom presented. Xi Jinping, with the Communist Party alongside, presents an intelligent, practical and necessary guidance to the world that needs not be confined to the Chinese system of governance. The scholarship in these three volumes is a valuable contribution to opportunities that governance can provide.

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