据新西兰新闻秘书处6月30日消息，根据《2018年儿童减贫法》的要求，政府公布了第二套官方的三年儿童减贫目标。
今天宣布的新目标涵盖2021/22、2022/23和2023/24财政年度，并设定了保持新西兰走上正轨以实现其长期10年目标所需的费率。
总理兼儿童减贫部长杰辛达·阿尔登说：”减少儿童贫困是我们上届任期的一个优先事项，仍然是本任期内的一个关键优先事项。我们已经取得了进展，但要实现我们在10年内将儿童贫困减半的大胆计划，还有许多工作要做。今天公布的目标使我们朝着这个目标前进”。
实现2023/24年的新目标将使2017/18年儿童贫困基线率减少以下：
- 将住房成本前措施从16.5降低到10——使大约70 000名儿童摆脱贫困
- 住房后成本措施从22.8降低到15——使大约80 000名儿童摆脱贫困
- 将遭受物质困难的儿童人数从13.3减少到9——使大约40000名儿童摆脱困境
总理说:”我们的计划基于在三个关键领域取得进展：增加家庭收入、降低住房成本以及低收入家庭面临的其他压力，以及支持家庭更广泛福祉的变革。第21号预算包括每人32纽币至55纽币的主要福利增长，是其中的一个重要部分。自从政府提出儿童减贫目标以来，所有九项儿童减贫措施都实现了减贫，我们已经超过了我们第一个三年目标，即住房成本后措施，使43300名儿童摆脱贫困。实现我们的长期10年目标，将使新西兰与世界上贫困和困难率最低的国家并列，并有助于我们实现使新西兰成为世界上儿童和青年最佳地方的目标。我们知道，COVID-19对已经处于不利地位的群体产生了不成比例的影响，COVID-19的长期经济影响将使未来几年减少儿童贫困更具挑战性。尽管如此，新的三年目标仍然保持了我们的雄心壮志，并继续朝着10年目标迈进”。
其他说明
《 儿童减贫法》要求各国政府制定和公布一套儿童贫困的初级措施的长期目标（十年）和中间目标（每三年一次）。目前有三项主要措施，第四项措施从2025/26年开始报告。
• 我们的前三年目标、十年目标和当前费率如下表所示：
措施
基线年份
当前速率
前三年目标
第二个三年目标
十年目标利率
(2017/18)
(2019/20)
(2020/21)
(2023/24)
(2027/28)
低收入住房成本衡量标准（BHC50）
率
16.5
13.8
10.5
10
5
孩子
183,000
158,000
122,000
116,000
~60，000
低收入的住房成本衡量标准（AHC50）
率
22.8
18.4
18.8
15
10
孩子
254,000
211,000
218,000
174,000
~120，000
物质困难
率
13.3
11.3
10.3
9
6
孩子
148,000
130,000
119,000
104,000
~70，000
请注意，目标周期如下：
- 第一个三年目标期包括2018/19、2019/20和2020/21
- 第二个三年目标期包括2021/22年、2022/23年和2023/24年
- 十年目标期为2018/19至2027/28
• 迄今为止，政府报告了目标的头两年（2018/19年和2019/20年），其中显示该法中所有9项报告的措施，包括三项主要措施的削减。自2017/2018年基准年起，按住房成本衡量的贫困儿童减少了25 600人，住房费用后衡量标准的儿童减少了43 300人，物质困难儿童减少了18 000人。
• 当新西兰统计局于2022年2月发布2020/21年度报告时，政府将知道是否达到了其第一个三年目标。
• 除了21号预算案公告外，迄今有助于减少儿童贫困的一些政策和措施还包括：
- 55亿纽币家庭一揽子计划增加了对低收入家庭的财政支助，包括增加家庭税收抵免、住房补贴改革和实行冬季能源付款以及最佳起薪。
- 2. 对主要福利进行指数化，增加受益人在福利减少之前可赚取的金额，并取消惩罚单亲父母的第192条制裁。
- 3. 将最低工资从2017年的15.75纽币提高到2021年4月的20纽币，4. 28亿纽币的COVID收入支助一揽子计划，在工资指数化增加的基础上，将主要福利永久增加25纽币，扩大了工作税收抵免的资格，并将2020/21年度的冬季能源付款增加了一倍。
- 5. 孤儿福利、无支持儿童津贴和寄养津贴的费率在2018年提高了20.31纽币，2020年提高了25纽币。
- 6. 增加对同意不要求捐款的 1 – 7 所学校的资助， 并取消 Ncea 费用
- 7.在处于高度劣势的学校提供免费和健康的每日学校午餐计划，并在新西兰各学校推出免费期间产品。
- 8. 在新西兰各地增加了4 500多所新建的州立住房，并通过《无家可归行动计划》投资于过渡住房和其他支助
- 9. 通过2017年《健康住房保障法》和1986年《住宅租赁法》的修改，改善了租房者的住房质量和条件
- 10. 通过修改消费信贷立法，采取措施制止掠夺性贷款。
The government announces the second set of child poverty reduction goalsAccording to news from the New Zealand Information Secretariat on June 30，The Government has released the second set of official three-year child poverty targets, as required by the Child Poverty Reduction Act 2018. The new targets announced today cover the 2021/22, 2022/23, and 2023/24 financial years and are set at rates required to keep New Zealand on track to meet its longer-term 10 year targets. “Reducing child poverty was a priority for us in the last term, and remains a key priority in this term,” said Prime Minister and Minister for Child Poverty Reduction Jacinda Ardern. “We have made progress, but there is more to do to achieve our bold plan of more than halving child poverty within 10 years. The targets being released today keep us moving towards that goal.” Achieving the new targets for 2023/24 would see the following reductions from the 2017/18 baseline rates of child poverty:
1. Reduction in the before-housing-costs measure from 16.5 to 10 percent – lifting around 70,000 children out of poverty
2. Reduction in the after-housing-costs measure from 22.8 to 15 percent – lifting around 80,000 children out of poverty
3. Reduction in the number of children experiencing material hardship from 13.3 to 9 percent – lifting around 40,000 children out of hardship “Our plan is based around making progress in three key areas: increasing incomes for families, reducing housing costs and other pressures on low-income households, and changes to support the wider wellbeing of families. “Budget 21, which included main benefit increases of between $32 and $55 per person, is an important part of this. “Since the Government introduced child poverty reduction targets, reductions have been achieved across all nine child poverty measures, and we have already exceeded our first three-year target for the after-housing-cost measure which has lifted 43,300 children out of poverty. “Achieving our longer term 10 year targets will place New Zealand alongside those countries with the lowest rates of poverty and hardship in the world and contribute to our goal of making New Zealand the best place in the world for children and young people. “We know that COVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on already disadvantaged groups, and the long-term economic impact of COVID-19 will make reducing child poverty in the coming years more challenging. “Nevertheless, the new three-year targets maintain our bold ambition and continue our progress towards the 10 year targets,” Jacinda Ardern said. Additional notes
• The Child Poverty Reduction Act requires Governments to set and publish longer-term targets (ten years), as well as intermediate targets (every three years), for a set of ‘primary’ measures of child poverty. There are currently three primary measures, with reporting on a fourth beginning in 2025/26.
• Our first three year targets, ten year targets and current rates are set out in the table below: MeasuresBaseline yearCurrent rateFirst three-year targetsSecond three-year targetsTen-year target rate(2017/18)(2019/20)(2020/21)(2023/24)(2027/28)Before-housing-cost measure of low income (BHC50)Rate16.5%13.8%10.5%10%5%Children183,000158,000122,000116,000~60,000After-housing-cost measure of low income (AHC50)Rate22.8%18.4%18.8%15%10%Children254,000211,000218,000174,000~120,000Material HardshipRate13.3%11.3%10.3%9%6%Children148,000130,000119,000104,000~70,000 Note the target periods are as follows:- The first three-year target period covers 2018/19, 2019/20, and 2020/21- The second three-year target period covers 2021/22, 2022/23, and 2023/24- The ten-year target period covers 2018/19 through to 2027/28
• So far, the Government has reported on the first two years of the targets (2018/19 and 2019/20), which show reductions across all nine reported measures in the Act, including the three primary measures. Since the 2017/2018 baseline year, there are 25,600 fewer children in poverty on the before-housing-cost measure, 43,300 fewer children on the after-housing-costs measure, and 18,000 fewer children experiencing material hardship.
• The Government will know whether it has met its first three-year targets when Stats NZ releases its report on the 2020/21 year in February 2022.
• In addition to Budget 21 announcements, some of the policies and measures that have been instrumental in reducing child poverty to date include:
1. $5.5 billion Families Package increased financial support for low income families, including increases to the Family Tax credit, Accommodation Supplement changes and the introduction of Winter Energy Payment, and the Best Start Payment.
2. Indexation of main benefits, increasing the amount that beneficiaries could earn before their benefit reduces, and removing the Section 192 sanction which penalised sole parents.
3. Lifting the minimum wage from $15.75 in 2017 to $20 as of April 2021
4. $2.8 billion COVID income support package, which permanently increased main benefits by $25 (on top of the increases from wage indexation), expanded eligibility for the In-Work Tax Credit and doubled the Winter Energy Payment for the 2020/21 year.
5. Increased rates of the Orphan’s Benefit, Unsupported Child’s Benefit, and Foster Care Allowance – by $20.31 in 2018, and by $25 in 2020
6. Increasing funding for deciles 1-7 schools that agree not to request donations, and removing NCEA fees
7. Delivering a free and healthy daily school lunch programme in schools with high levels of disadvantage and rolling out free period products across New Zealand schools.
8. Added more than 4,500 newly built state homes across New Zealand, as well as invested in transitional housing and other support through the Homelessness Action Plan
9. Improved the quality of housing and conditions for renters through the Healthy Homes Guarantee Act 2017 and changes to the Residential Tenancies Act 1986
10. Introducing measures to stop predatory lending, through changes to consumer credit legislation
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