文稿:寒梅
翻译:Darren
编辑:Tiffany
8 月1日新西兰新闻秘书处消息，政府对黎明突袭的正式和毫无保留的道歉。
. 作为道歉的一部分，政府将提供教育奖学金。
· 马纳基新西兰短期奖学金培训课程。
· 支持太平洋艺术家和历史学家对黎明突袭事件进行全面的书面和口头叙述。
总理杰辛达·阿尔登今天正式向受上世纪70年代黎明袭击影响的太平洋社区道歉。
1974年至1976年期间，执行了一系列严格的移民政策，对太平洋家庭的住宅进行了有针对性的搜查。寻找、定罪和驱逐逾期居留者的突袭往往发生在清晨或深夜。据我们了解，袭击是严重的，语言和身体受到严厉的对待，这导致黎明突袭一词。
杰辛达·阿尔登说：”今天，我代表政府向太平洋社区正式和毫无保留地就导致黎明突袭的移民法的歧视性执行道歉。黎明突袭时期给我们共同的历史蒙上了阴影。 维护移民法是一回事， 但黎明突袭远不止于这一点。
整个社区都感到有针对性和恐怖性。突袭是绝对歧视性的”。
杰辛达·阿尔登说：”对过去的行为表示我们的悲伤、遗憾..和悔恨是正确的做法，为结束与和解提供了机会。太平洋人民部长奥皮托·威廉·西奥说，回首往事，移民法显然是歧视性的”。
太平洋人民部长奥皮托威廉西奥说:”太平洋人民、毛利人和其他族裔社区是特别针对和种族描述的，这是错误的，应该有从来没有发生过。1986年，种族关系调解人发现，在1985年至1986年期间，虽然太平洋人民约占逾期居留者的三分之一，但他们占所有因逾期居留而被起诉的86。以种族为目标的太平洋社区对太平洋新西兰人的地位造成了长达几十年的虚假印象”。
奥皮托·威廉·西奥说：”在同一时期，来自美国和英国的逾期居留者也占逾期居留者的大约三分之一，仅占起诉的5%。作为正式道歉的一部分，政府承诺尊重太平洋寻求和解的方式，它将提供：
· 向太平洋社区提供210万纽币的学术和职业奖学金。
· 100万纽币用于为来自萨摩亚、汤加、图瓦卢和斐济的代表开设的新西兰马纳基短期奖学金培训课程。
· 它还将向选择教授黎明突袭历史的学校和库拉提供资源，其中包括那些直接受影响者的历史。
· 文化和遗产部以及太平洋人民部将提供支助，使太平洋艺术家和/或历史学家能够与社区合作，制定关于黎明突袭时期的全面历史记录，作为和解的额外善意姿态″。
2021年8月1日对”黎明突袭道歉演讲″的语音笔记全文如下:
毛利语译:
“向大家致以热烈的问候-太平洋的后裔，他们此时聚集在这里，为这个非常重要的时刻”。
汤加语译:
″对看不见的（上帝）的厌恶，以及对于通常承认的所有职位/阶层/等级等，我请求你接受我将要的道歉″。
萨摩亚语译:
“我站在你面前，代表那些伤害你的人。虽然溅水不能再聚集了。虽然雨水无法去除海水中的苦盐，但我请求你们让我们的精神联系软化你的痛苦，让宽恕在这一天流淌″。
“欢迎各位。来到这里参加这个重要活动。我站在你面前，作为近50年前委屈你的皇冠的象征。今天是庄严反思的日子，在过去几周里，我特别反思了新西兰太平洋人民的故事。这是一个持续演变的长篇故事。这个更大的故事的一部分是20世纪50年代从太平洋移民到奥特奥罗亚，以及这如何塑造了我们今天作为一个由许多丰富和多样化的文化组成的国家。
我们经历了太平洋奥特奥罗亚之旅从新定居点之一向新西兰今天的太平洋散居地的转变，在那里，太平洋人民是奥特奥罗亚文化和社会结构不可分割的一部分，是我们经济成功的积极贡献者。
然而，在新西兰太平洋人民故事的多章中，《黎明突袭》的章节仍然为人们投下了长长的阴影。
20世纪70年代移民法的歧视性适用在1950年代的经济繁荣时期，新西兰鼓励从太平洋区域大量移民，以填补制造业和初级生产部门的劳动力短缺。那是一个经济繁荣的时代，许多人因此从太平洋移民到新西兰。
然而，在1970年代初经济低迷时，我们社会的一些部分人开始认为移民危及他们的经济安全和生活质量。成为这些恐惧的焦点和替罪羊的移民主要是太平洋人民，当警察和移民部在逾期居留方面执行移民法时，并不是每个人都成为攻击目标。
相反，警察和移民官员以压倒性优势对太平洋家庭的住宅进行了突袭。官员们经常在狗的陪伴下，在深夜和清晨（黎明）对住宅进行突击检查。这些住宅的居民突然被叫醒，被迫离开床上，并被迫乘坐警车接受讯问。第二天，一些人赤脚、穿着睡衣或穿着借给他们的衣服被拖到警察局出庭，其他人被错误地拘留。
在所谓的黎明突袭期间，警方还进行了随机拦截和检查，要求任何人应要求出示护照，或许可证，如果有充分理由怀疑与移民有关的罪行，如逾期居留许可证。这一合法规定被利用来对那些被怀疑为逾期居留者的人进行种族描述，太平洋人民、毛利人和其他有色人种随意在街上、教堂和学校以及其他公共场所停留。
据我了解，当时有人公开声明，护照应由那些看起来像和说话的人携带，因为他们不是出生在新西兰。许多团体，如公民种族平等协会、恩格·塔马托亚、大赦阿罗哈和劳工联合会，走上街头抗议这些行动。
一个著名的青年团体是波利尼西亚黑豹，这是一个社会正义运动，于1971年6月在奥克兰市中心成立。这一运动的开展是为了提高人们对太平洋人民待遇的认识，并抗议王室的行动和移民政策。这些抗议活动，加上公众日益负面的反应，导致1976年黎明突袭行动的结束。
当我们回顾过去时，现在很清楚，当时的移民法是以歧视性的方式执行的，太平洋人民在开展这些活动时是特别针对和种族描述的。统计数据是不可否认的。没有关于袭击任何不是太平洋人住宅的报告：没有对欧洲人民进行突袭或随机拦截。
1986年，当时的种族关系调解人沃尔特·赫什（Walter Hirsh）提出一份调查报告后发现，虽然太平洋地区人民约占逾期居留者的三分之一，但他们占所有起诉的86%。在同一时期，来自美国和英国的逾期居留者，他们加起来也占逾期居留者的大约三分之一，仅占起诉的5%”。
道歉声明中称:
“虽然这些事件发生在近50年前，但黎明突袭时代的后遗症今天仍留在太平洋社区。它仍然生动地刻在那些直接受影响的人的记忆中。它生活在对当局的信任和信心的破坏中，它生活在太平洋社区尚未解决的不满中，这些？事件的发生，以及时至今天，它们还没有得到解决。
今天，我代表新西兰政府就1970年代导致黎明突袭事件的移民法的歧视性执行向太平洋社区正式和毫无保留地道歉。
政府对黎明突袭和警察随机检查的发生表示悲痛、悔恨和遗憾，认为这些行动是适当的。我国政府向奥特亚罗亚的子孙后代表明，王室过去的行为是错误的，对待你们祖先是错误的。我们向你致以最深切和最诚挚的歉意。
我们还对这些事件对毛利人和其他族裔社区等其他人民的影响表示歉意，他们受到警察随机检查的不公平目标和影响。我们承认这些经历会造成的痛苦和伤害。
新西兰的人权承诺
作为一个国家，我们期望新西兰的每个人都受到尊严和尊重，我们期望所有个人的权利得到保障，没有任何区别。不幸的是，本案没有满足这些期望，直接和间接歧视造成的不平等依然存在。政府致力于消除新西兰奥特奥罗亚一切形式的种族主义，并给予每个人人道和尊重其尊严的权利。
我要强调，在我们现行的移民合规制度下，政府不再以种族或国籍为由优先考虑遵守活动和递解出境，而是寻求解决新西兰社区的潜在风险和移民制度的完整性。
太平洋背景–和解:
作为一个政府，我们希望尊重太平洋寻求和解的方式。我们理解太平洋的做法和议定书各不相同，但支持这些做法的共同线索是期望实现有意义的、真正的和解，并恢复过去错误的平衡。我们希望我们的道歉方式对太平洋人民有意义。 我也希望我们今天在这里的存在和道歉有助于编织我们之间的联系”。
Government offers formal apology for Dawn Raids
· A formal and unreserved apology for the Dawn Raids
· The Government will offer education scholarships as part of the apology
· Manaaki New Zealand Short Term Scholarship Training courses
· Support Pacific artists and historians to develop a comprehensive written and oral account of the Dawn Raids
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has today formally apologised to Pacific communities impacted by the Dawn Raids in the 1970s.
Between 1974 and 1976, a series of rigorous immigration policies were carried out that resulted in targeted raids on the homes of Pacific families. The raids to find, convict, and deport overstayers often took place very early in the morning or late at night. We understand that the raids were severe with harsh verbal and physical treatment, which gave rise to the term the “Dawn Raids”.
“Today I offered, on behalf of the Government, a formal and unreserved apology to Pacific communities for the discriminatory implementation of immigration laws that led to the Dawn Raids,” Jacinda Ardern said.
“The Dawn Raids period cast a shadow over our shared history. Upholding immigration laws is one thing, but the Dawn Raids went well beyond that.
Whole communities felt targeted and terrorised. The raids were absolutely discriminatory.
“Expressing our sorrow, regret and remorse for past actions is the right thing to do and provides an opportunity for closure and reconciliation,” Jacinda Ardern said.
The Minister for Pacific Peoples, Aupito William Sio says looking back it’s clear that the immigration laws were discriminatory.
“Pacific peoples, Māori and other ethnic communities were specifically targeted and racially profiled, which was wrong and should have never happened,” Aupito William Sio said.
“In 1986 the Race Relations Conciliator found that between 1985 and 1986, while Pacific peoples comprised roughly a third overstayers, they represented 86 per cent of all prosecutions for overstaying. Racially targeting Pacific communities created a decades long false impression of the status of Pacific New Zealanders.
“During the same period overstayers from the United States and Great Britain who also comprised roughly a third of overstayers made up only five per cent of prosecutions,” Aupito William Sio said.
The Government has as part of the formal apology, committed to honour Pacific ways of seeking reconciliation. It will be providing:
· $2.1 million in academic and vocational scholarships to be available to Pacific communities.
· $1 million in Manaaki New Zealand Short Term Scholarship Training Courses for delegates from Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Fiji.
· It will also be providing resources that are available to schools and kura who choose to teach the history of the Dawn Raids, which would include histories of those directly affected.
· The Ministry for Culture and Heritage and Ministry for Pacific Peoples will provide support to enable Pacific artists and/or historians to work with communities to develop a comprehensive historical record of account of the Dawn Raids period as an additional goodwill gesture of reconciliation.
1 August 2021
SPEECH NOTES
Speech to Dawn Raids Apology
Tēnā koutou katoa,
Kia orana kotou katoatoa,
Fakaalofa lahi atu ki mutolu oti,
Tālofa nī, Mālō nī koutou,
Ni sa bula vinaka,
Fakatalofa atu,
Noa’ia ‘e mauri,
Kam na mauri,
Malo e lelei, Sioto’ofa,
Mālō lava le lagi e mamā ma le soifua maua,
Oue tulou, tulou atu, tulouna lava
Māori address
Tēnei te mihi māhana ki a koutou katoa – ngā uri o te Moana Nui a Kiwa,
kua rauika nei i raro i te kaupapa whakahirahira o te wā.
(Translation – Warm greetings to you all – the descendants of the Pacific, who have assembled here at this time for this very important occasion.)
Tongan address
Tapu mo e Ta’ehāmai
Mo e ngaahi tu’unga ‘oku fa’a fakatapua.
Kau kole ke mou tali ‘a e kole fakamolemole teu fai.
(Translation: In obeisance to the Unseen (God) and in respect of all the positions/strata/hierarchical ranks that are normally acknowledged. I ask that you accept the apology that I will give).
Samoan address
Ou te tula’i atu fua o a’u o ‘Ae.
E ui la ua masa’a le ipu vai, ma ua agasala ma agaleaga le Malo i tagata Pasefika
Ma e lē mafai foi e timuga ona faamagalo le o’ona o le sami.
Ae avea ia lo tatou gafa fa’aleagaga e māgalo ai se leo fa’atauva’a.
(Translation: I stand before you as a representative of those who did you harm. Although spilt water cannot be gathered again. And while no amount of rain can remove the bitter salt from the ocean waters, I ask you to let our spiritual connectedness soften your pain, and allow forgiveness to flow on this day).
Welcome to you all who have come here today for this important occasion.
I stand before you as a symbol of the Crown that wronged you nearly 50 years ago.
Today is a day of solemn reflection and over the past weeks, I have particularly reflected on the story of Pacific peoples in New Zealand.
This is a lengthy story that continues to evolve. One part of this bigger story is the migration from the Pacific to Aotearoa in the 1950s and how this has shaped who we are today as a nation made up of many rich and diverse cultures.
We have experienced the Pacific Aotearoa journey shift from one of new settlement to the present-day Pacific diaspora in New Zealand, where Pacific peoples are an integral part of Aotearoa’s cultural and social fabric and are active contributors to our economic success.
However, in the multiple chapters of Pacific peoples’ story in New Zealand, the chapter of the Dawn Raids stands out as one that continues to cast a long shadow.
Discriminatory application of immigration law in 1970s
During the economic boom of the 1950s, New Zealand encouraged significant migration from the Pacific region to fill labour shortages in the manufacturing and primary production sector.
It was a time of economic prosperity and many migrated from the Pacific to New Zealand as a result.
However, at the downturn of the economy in the early 1970s, parts of our society began to see migrants as jeopardising their financial security and quality of life.
The migrants who became the focal point and scapegoat for these fears were largely Pacific peoples, and when Police and Immigration enforced immigration laws around overstaying, not everyone was targeted.
Instead, Police and Immigration officials overwhelmingly conducted raids on the homes of Pacific families.
Officials, often accompanied by dogs, undertook late night and early morning (dawn) raids of homes.
Residents in those homes were woken abruptly, physically removed from their beds and forced into Police vans to be taken for questioning.
Some were hauled to the police station to appear in court the next day barefoot, in pyjamas or in clothes loaned to them in the holding cells; others were wrongfully detained.
During what became known as the Dawn Raids period, Police also conducted random stops and checks which required any person, on request, to produce their passport or permit if there was good cause to suspect an immigration-related offence, like overstaying a permit.
This lawful provision was exploited to racially profile those who were suspected as being overstayers, with Pacific peoples, Māori, and other people of colour randomly stopped in the street, at churches and schools, and other public places.
I understand that, at the time, public statements were made that a passport should be carried by those who looked like and spoke like they were not born in New Zealand.
Many groups, such as the Citizens Association for Racial Equality, Ngā Tamatoa, Amnesty Aroha, and the Federation of Labour, took to the streets in protest of these actions.
A prominent youth group was the Polynesian Panthers, a social justice movement that was founded in inner-city Auckland in June 1971. This movement operated to bring awareness to the treatment of Pacific peoples and to protest Crown actions and immigration policies.
These protests, coupled with the increasingly negative public reaction, led to the end of the Dawn Raids in 1976.
When we look back, it is now very clear that the immigration laws of the time were enforced in a discriminatory manner and that Pacific peoples were specifically targeted and racially profiled when these activities were carried out.
The statistics are undeniable.
There were no reported raids on any homes of people who were not Pacific; no raids or random stops were exacted towards European people.
Following an inquiry report of the then Race Relations Conciliator, Walter Hirsh, in 1986, it was found that while Pacific peoples comprised roughly a third of overstayers, they represented 86 percent of all prosecutions.
During the same period, overstayers from the United States and Great Britain, who, together, also comprised roughly a third of overstayers, made up only 5 percent of prosecutions.
Apology statement
While these events took place almost 50 years ago, the legacy of the Dawn Raids era lives on today in Pacific communities.
It remains vividly etched in the memory of those who were directly impacted; it lives on in the disruption of trust and faith in authorities, and it lives on in the unresolved grievances of Pacific communities that these events happened and that to this day they have gone unaddressed.
Today, I stand on behalf of the New Zealand Government to offer a formal and unreserved apology to Pacific communities for the discriminatory implementation of the immigration laws of the 1970s that led to the events of the Dawn Raids.
The Government expresses its sorrow, remorse, and regret that the Dawn Raids and random police checks occurred and that these actions were ever considered appropriate.
Our Government conveys to the future generations of Aotearoa that the past actions of the Crown were wrong, and that the treatment of your ancestors was wrong. We convey to you our deepest and sincerest apology.
We also apologise for the impact that these events have had on other peoples, such as Māori and other ethnic communities, who were unfairly targeted and impacted by the random Police checks of the time.
We acknowledge the distress and hurt that these experiences would have caused.
New Zealand’s human rights commitments
As a nation, we expect everyone in New Zealand to be treated with dignity and respect and we expect that all individuals are guaranteed their rights without distinction of any kind.
Unfortunately, these expectations were not met in this case and inequities that stem from direct and indirect discrimination continue to exist.
The Government is committed to eliminating racism in all its forms in Aotearoa New Zealand and affording everyone the right to be treated humanely and with respect for their dignity.
I want to emphasise that under our current immigration compliance regime, the Government no longer prioritises compliance activity and deportation on the basis of ethnicity or nationality, but instead seeks to address potential risks to the New Zealand community and the integrity of the immigration system.
Pacific context – reconciliation
As a government we want to honour Pacific ways of seeking reconciliation. We understand that Pacific practices and protocols vary, but the common thread that underpins these practices is the expectation of reconciliation that is meaningful, genuine and that restores the balance from past wrongs.
We want our apology to be in a manner that has meaning to Pacific peoples.
I also hope that our presence and apology here today helps weave together our connections as people.
Gestures to accompany the apology
But I understand that in many cultures, including in Pacific cultures, words alone are not sufficient to convey an apology and it is appropriate to include tangible gestures of goodwill and reconciliation.
We acknowledge the enduring hurt that has been caused to those who were directly affected by the Dawn Raids, as well as the lasting impact these events have had on subsequent generations.
I have heard that, for many people, the hurt was so deep that nearly 50 years later it’s a struggle to talk about.
We recognise that no gestures can mend this hurt.
However, we hope that the gestures I am about to outline are accepted as a way of expressing our deepest sorrow whilst recognising the wrongs of the past, to pave a new dawn, and a new beginning for the Pacific peoples of New Zealand.
As a government, we commit to the following gestures of goodwill and reconciliation for our Pacific communities:
We will support the development of an historical account of the Dawn Raids which can be used for education purposes.
As part of this, the community will have the opportunity to come forward and share their experiences.
May the process of gathering an official historic account from written records and oral history provide an opportunity for Pacific peoples to begin a new journey of reconciliation and healing that will help restore mana.
We will ensure resources are available to schools and kura who choose to teach the history of the Dawn Raids, which would include histories of those directly affected.
May this opportunity help future generations gain knowledge and understanding that will help them ensure the mistakes of the past are not ever repeated again.
We will provide $2.1 million in education scholarships and fellowships to Pacific communities in New Zealand.
May this gesture provide opportunities for the pursuit of tertiary education on subjects that will build confidence and pride in Pacific peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand.
And we will provide $1 million in Manaaki New Zealand Short Term Training Scholarships for young leaders from Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu and Fiji.
May these opportunities grow Pacific leadership that is confident and proud.
Closing comments
Almost 50 years on from the Dawn Raids, the Pacific story continues to shift.
This chapter sees a Pacific Aotearoa that is self-assured, thriving, prosperous and resilient.
We hope that today has brought some much-needed closure and healing for our Pacific communities and that it will enable us to keep growing together as a community and as a nation.
Once again my deepest acknowledgements and respects to all those who were directly affected by the harms caused during the Dawn Raids, including those who continue to suffer and carry the scars.
My acknowledgements and gratitude to the many individuals and organisations who stood up for justice, called out the Dawn Raids for what they were, supported Pacific peoples throughout, and championed the need for an apology.
It is my sincere hope that this apology will go some way in helping the Pacific youth of today know, with certainty, that they have every right to hold their head up high, and feel confident and proud of their Pacific heritage, and in particular the sacrifices their parents and grandparents have made for Aotearoa New Zealand.
May my words today be received in the Spirit of Humility that I convey them.
Ofa atu. Alofa atu.
No reira, Tena Koutou. Tena Koutou. Tena Koutou Katoa.
Kia kaha. Fa’afetai. Malo ‘aupito. Metaki maata. Fakaue!
备注和负责声明
未经书面许可，保留所有权利，不得使用任何部分或完整的文章或照片。本号转载的文章都已注明出处，如对版权有任何疑问，请在第一时间发送邮件给本号， bbcc1223@126.com我们将在收到后第一时间进行删除。
若喜欢作品的可以点击“在看”，这样有机会分享给更多朋友。要是再点击“喜欢作品”，那将对我们鼓舞更大。
本号致力于好文推送，并对文中观点保持中立，所发内容仅供学习、交流。版权归原作者或机构所有，部分文章推送时未能查实原作者，在这里对你们表示深深的敬意。若涉及版权问题，麻烦请留言联系删除